Technology of Plant Tissue Culture

Introduction:-

Tissue culture, an important area of biotechnology can be use to improve the productivity of planting material through enhanced availability of identified planting stock with desired traits. The idea of cell and tissue culture were put forth by a German Scientist Haberlandt in 1902. All attempts to culture the plant cells and tissue were unsuccessful till the 1930’s. Around 1939 the possibility of culturing plant tissues for definite periods was independently reported by white, Nobecourt and Gautheret.

Micro propagation is one of the important contribution of Plant Tissue Culture to commercial plant propagation and has vast significance. The name micro propagation derives Item the miniature shoots/plantlets initially produced horn this method of plant propagation. Micro propagation is the true to type propagation of selected genotype using in vitro culture technique. This technique provides a rapid reliable system for a production of large number of genetically uniform disease free plantlets The pioneering work in this area of research was reported by Indian scientists. Today almost all the prime universities and institutes like BARC, Bombay, NCL, Pune, ISC Bangalore etc. in India are carrying out research in tissue culture.

Commercial tissue culture born in India in 1987 when NV. Thomas & Go. in kerala established their commercial unit for large scale production of cardarnurn. This was based on the bench scale protocol developed by Dr. R. S. Nadgauda and Dr. A. F. Mascarenhas at N.C.L. Pune, India. These pioneering efforts of AVI, Kerala, were followed by servile other commercial companies who entered in this area. The second unit was put by Indo-American Hybrid Seed Company at Bangalore in 1988. Now there are several companies in this field viz.

• The production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers, fruits, or have other desirable traits.
• To quickly produce mature plants.
• The production of multiples of plants in the absence of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds.
• The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have beengenetically modified.
• The production of plants in sterile containers that allows them to be moved with greatly reduced chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and pathogens.
• The production of plants from seeds that otherwise have very low chances of germinating and growing, i.e.: orchids andnepenthes.
• To clean particular plant of viral and other infections and to quickly multiply these plants as 'cleaned stock' for horticultureand agriculture.

TECHNIQUES

Tissue culture, an important area of biotechnology can be use to improve the productivity of planting material through enhanced availability of identified planting stock with desired traits.Micro propagation is one of the important contribution of Plant Tissue Culture to commercial plant propagation and has vast significance